About Bruker

Bruker Corporation operates as a developer, manufacturer and distributor of high-performance scientific instruments and analytical and diagnostic solutions that enable its customers to explore life and materials at microscopic, molecular and cellular levels. Many of the company’s products are used to detect, measure and visualize structural characteristics of chemical, biological and industrial material samples. The company’s products and solutions address the rapidly evolving needs of a diverse array of customers in life science research, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, applied markets, cell biology, clinical research, microbiology, in-vitro diagnostics, nanotechnology and materials science research. The company’s technology platforms include magnetic resonance technologies, mass spectrometry technologies, gas and liquid chromatography, triple quadrupole mass spectrometry technologies, X-ray technologies, spark-optical emission spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, stylus and optical metrology technology, fluorescence optical microscopy, and infrared and Raman molecular spectroscopy technologies. The company’s product portfolio also includes testing solutions used in microbiology and infectious disease diagnostics, including its MALDI Biotyper rapid pathogen identification platform and related test kits, DNA test strips and fluorescence-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology for selected infectious disease applications. The company develops, manufactures and distributes a range of field analytical systems for chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and explosives, or CBRNE, detection. The company also develops, manufactures and markets low temperature superconducting materials and devices based primarily on metallic low temperature superconductors. The company maintains major technical and manufacturing centers in Europe, North America and Southeast Asia, and have sales offices located throughout the world. Segments The company operates through four segments, Bruker Scientific Instruments (BSI) BioSpin, BSI CALID, BSI Nano and Bruker Energy & Supercon Technologies (BEST). BSI BioSpin The BSI BioSpin segment comprises the Bruker Magnetic Resonance, Applied Industrial and Clinical, Preclinical Imaging and Service and Lifecycle Support and Integrated Data Solution Divisions. BSI BioSpin designs, manufactures and distributes enabling life science tools based on magnetic resonance technology. Magnetic resonance is a natural phenomenon occurring when a molecule placed in a magnetic field emits a signature radio frequency. The signature radio frequency is characteristic of the particular molecule and provides a multitude of precise chemical and structural information. Depending on the intended application, the company markets and sells to its customers an NMR system or an EPR system. BSI BioSpin also manufactures and sells single and multiple modality systems using MRI, PET, SPECT, CT and MPI Technologies. BSI BioSpin’s products, which have particular application in structural proteomics, drug discovery, pharmaceutical and biotechnology research and production, and the food and materials science fields, provide customers with the ability to determine the structure, dynamics, and function of specific molecules, such as proteins, and thus allows them to understand fundamental biological processes, including the formation and progression of diseases. Furthermore, BSI BioSpin's product enables the characterization of mixtures and also complex materials, rendering them high value-added tools for a variety of industrial applications. BSI BioSpin also develops system agnostic software solutions. Software offerings include analytical instrumentation and data management support for life sciences and other industries to accelerate research, product development and process optimization. The majority of BSI BioSpin’s customers are academic and government research facilities. Other customers include pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies; chemical, food and beverage, clinical and polymer companies; and nonprofit laboratories. During 2022, the company continued to enable access to its high-performance GHz NMR technology. Four additional GHz NMR systems, representing the top end of the company’s portfolio, were accepted by its customers (two 1.2 GHz and two 1.0 GHz). This was supported by the launch of a unique single-story 1.0 GHz system that significantly reduces footprint, weight, and ceiling height requirements and cuts liquid helium consumption by two-thirds. In the applied markets, the company made significant progress with its new solutions that are built on the benchtop Fourier NMR platform, such as reaction monitoring in chemical and pharmaceutical research, as well as GxP solutions for quality control in manufacturing. In its clinical segment, the company launched an NMR assay for Research Use Only for molecular phenomics research on blood samples from 'Long COVID' patients. In addition, the introduction of the new MRI portfolio for preclinical imaging markets eliminates the need for liquid helium or nitrogen refills while providing high field sensitivity and resolution for advanced MRI and PET/MR research. BSI BioSpin Segment’s instruments are based on various technology platforms, such as NMR—Nuclear magnetic resonance; EPR—Electron paramagnetic resonance; MRI—Magnetic resonance imaging; MPI—Magnetic particle imaging; PET—Positron emission tomography; SPECT—Single photon emission tomography; and CT—Computed tomography. NMR is a qualitative and quantitative analytical technique that is used to determine the molecular structure and purity of a sample. Molecules are placed in a magnetic field and give off a radio frequency signature that is recorded by a sensitive detector. Analysis software helps to determine the molecular structure of the sample. The NMR technique is used in academia, by pharmaceutical, biotechnology, food and beverage and clinical companies, and by other industrial users in life science and material science research. EPR is a process of absorption of microwave radiation by paramagnetic ions or molecules with at least one unpaired electron that spins in the presence of a static magnetic field. EPR detects unpaired electrons unambiguously, whereas other techniques can only provide indirect evidence of their presence. In addition, EPR can identify the paramagnetic species that are detected, which present information on the molecular structure near the unpaired electron and give insight into dynamic processes, such as molecular motions or fluidity. The company’s EPR instruments are used for a wide range of applications, including advanced materials research, materials analysis and quality control. MRI is a process of creating an image from the manipulation of hydrogen atoms in a magnetic field. In the presence of an external magnetic field, atoms will align with or against the external magnetic field. Application of a radio frequency causes the atoms to jump between high and low energy states. MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy, or MRS, include many methods, including diffusion-weighted, perfusion-weighted, molecular imaging and contrast-enhance. MRI offers high resolution morphologic information, as well as functional, metabolic or molecular information. Customers use the company’s MRI systems in pharmaceutical research, including metabolomics, to study a number of diseases, including diabetes, neurology, oncology and cardiovascular disorders. MPI is a process of creating an image from magnetic particles administered to the body of an animal. The magnetic particles are manipulated in a combination of oscillating magnetic fields exhibiting a field free zone. The response of the particles allows a real time 3D data set acquisition of the whole body of an animal, showing the contrast agent distributing in and flowing through the body. This imaging modality is used to detect cardiovascular disorders. PET is a process of creating an image from positrons after administration of a positron emitting radionuclide to the body of an animal. Annihilation of the positron produces two photons, which show an angle of 180° between them, distinguishing these photons from photons originating from other sources. The PET tracer enriches in certain regions of interest within the body and gains molecular information from the animal in vivo. This has widespread applications, most importantly for oncology, inflammation, neurology and cardiovascular disorders, as well as metabolic disease, drug discovery and bone disease. SPECT uses a contrast agent containing radionuclides which directly emit single photons. The contrast agent enriches in certain parts of the body of an animal and generates images of the radionuclide distribution in the body. SPECT has widespread application in animal investigations in vivo, most importantly in oncology, neurology and cardiovascular disorders. CT is a technology based on X-rays which are used to generate a complete 3D data set. The most important applications are tissue sample analysis or non-invasive in vivo animal imaging. CT offers the highest spatial resolution of all preclinical imaging modalities and is especially useful to generate morphological information about the object or animal under investigation. CT is being used in a wide range of preclinical investigations in the fields of bone-orthopedics, cardiology, pulmonology, oncology and metabolism among others. The BSI BioSpin segment also offers a range of services, product lifecycle support, scientific software and workflow solutions to customers who use BSI BioSpin products. BSI CALID The BSI CALID segment comprises the Bruker Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Bruker Microbiology and Diagnostics and Bruker Optics Divisions. The Bruker Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry primarily designs, manufactures and distributes life science mass spectrometry, or MS, instruments that can be integrated and used along with sample preparation or chromatography instruments to design an analytical workflow and mass spectrometry-based solutions, including informatics software. Bruker Life Science Mass Spectrometry products are used in research, pharmaceutical and biotechnology development. Mass spectrometers are sophisticated devices that measure the mass or weight of a molecule and can provide accurate information on the identity, quantity and primary structure of the molecule. Mass spectrometry-based solutions often combine advanced mass spectrometry instrumentation, automated sampling and sample preparation robots, reagent kits and other disposable products used in conducting tests, or assays, and bioinformatics software. The company offers mass spectrometry systems and integrated solutions for applications in multiple existing and emerging life science markets and chemical and applied markets, including expression proteomics, clinical proteomics research, metabolic and peptide, lipid or glycan biomarker profiling, drug discovery and development, molecular diagnostics research and molecular and systems biology, as well as basic molecular medicine research. The Bruker Microbiology and Diagnostics Division develops, manufactures and distributes innovative solutions for microbial identification, antibiotic resistance and susceptibility testing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based molecular diagnostic solutions for culture-free infectious disease diagnostics, as well as monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins as raw materials for diagnostic assays. Bruker Microbiology and Diagnostics solutions are used primarily in the human and veterinary clinical diagnostic, food microbiology and pharma microbiology settings. The company’s MALDI Biotyper mass spectrometry solution and test kits, DNA test strips and fluorescence-based PCR technologies are designed for in-vitro diagnostic (IVD) use in clinical microbiology markets in certain configurations and certain countries, where regulatory approvals have been achieved. In addition to culture-based microbial identification with the MALDI Biotyper platform, the Genotype and Fluorotype molecular diagnostics (MDx) kits enable a culture-free detection and analysis of microbes and viruses directly from patient samples with a special focus on tuberculosis, HIV viral load, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted diseases. Molecular Diagnostics utilize PCR assays and systems to provide diagnostic solutions for a number of different disease states, including Respiratory, Mycobacteria (including Tuberculosis), Virology, Safety of Immunocompromised patients, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Gastroenteric Diseases, as well as other Microbiology tests. Depending on the assay being used, the technology enables users to ascertain basic identification of a certain infection, distinguish infections, which can cause similar symptoms and detect specific microbial resistance, all from a single sample. The GenoType portfolio has been established for over 30 years and has been successful in mycobacteria and tuberculosis detection, differentiation, and identification of antibiotic resistance markers. The portfolio includes FluoroType, using fluorescence-based real-time PCR technology, and more recently the company has also developed LiquidArray assays based on melt curve analysis for optimized asymmetrical PCR technology. LiquidArray uses light-on-off probes, providing a powerful technology to identify a broad number of indicators for different infections or resistance markers from a single sample, providing greater depth of information. The company is applying this approach to a new portfolio of syndromic panels for the diagnostics of sexually transmitted diseases and gastro-intestinal diseases. As a producer of extraction chemistry and instrumentation alongside integrated thermocyclers, software and a range of assays, Bruker brings complete diagnostic solutions to the Molecular Diagnostics market. The Bruker Optics Division primarily designs, manufactures and distributes research, analytical and process analysis instruments and solutions based on infrared and Raman molecular spectroscopy and imaging technologies. These products are utilized in industry, government and academia for a wide range of applications and solutions for life science, pharmaceutical, food and agricultural analysis, quality control and process analysis applications. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy are widely used in both research and industry as simple, rapid, nondestructive and reliable techniques for applications ranging from basic sample identification and quality control to advanced research and also in remote sensing setups for environmental control. The Bruker Optics Division also utilizes Fourier transform and dispersive Raman measurement techniques on an extensive range of laboratory and process spectrometers. The Bruker Optics Division’s products are complemented by a wide range of sampling accessories and techniques, which include, among others, microanalysis and high-throughput screening to help users find suitable solutions to analyze their samples effectively. Customers of the company’s BSI CALID segment include pharmaceutical, biotechnology and diagnostics companies, contract research organizations, academic institutions, medical schools, nonprofit or for-profit forensic laboratories, agriculture, food and beverage safety, environmental and clinical microbiology laboratories, hospitals and government departments and agencies. During 2022, the company launched a number of new mass spectrometry-based solutions and additional workflows, including the timsTOF HT (High-Throughput) mass spectrometer enabling researchers to analyze proteins within high sensitivity and improved linear dynamic range important for plasma proteomics applications, and microGRID capability for the timsTOF Flex MALDI and MALDI-2 platforms allowing 5um spatial resolution for tissue imaging. In tissue, protein analysis using MALDI Imaging applications were enhanced by the launch of the MALDI Hi-Plex Immunohistochemistry (IHC) labels that can potentially allow for multiplexing hundreds of proteins in a single MALDI-TOF analysis. The photocleavable mass tag approach used in the HiPlex IHC technique are uniquely formulated for high-sensitivity MALDI mass spectrometry analysis. In 2022, the BSI CALID Segment acquired Prolab AG, a Swiss-based, microfluidics components manufacturer whose components are an integral part of the nanoElute nanoflow LC system and PepSep, a nanocolumns manufacturer to augment the proteomics workflow for the timsTOF platform. Since its launch in 2016, the timsTOF has evolved into five variants, namely the Pro2, the HT, the SCP, the Flex and Flex MALDI-2 platforms which showcases the power of trapped ion mobility for life sciences applications such as multiomics and tissue imaging. In the company’s microbiology and molecular diagnostics markets, it introduced the MALDI Biotyper Sirius broadly into the market. In its molecular diagnostics portfolio the company launched two assays in the field of respiratory disease testing, primarily covering SARS-CoV 2 testing for the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. The Fluorotyper-SARS-CoV 2 plus kit allows for a real-time PCR detection of the SARS-CoV 2 virus. It detects two viral genes in parallel as a mechanism for high sensitivity. The additional FluoroType SARS-CoV-2/Flu/RSV assay is a multiplex real-time PCR kit that detects four viruses of clinical significance causing respiratory disease during the winter season: SARS-CoV 2, influenza A, influenza B and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). During 2020, the Bruker Optics division launched LUMOS II, a fully automated stand-alone FTIR imaging microscope. LUMOS II provides ultrafast FTIR imaging capabilities based on modern focal plane array (FPA) detector technology. The novel LUMOS II is designed to identify particles, to determine coatings and contamination, and to reveal the polymeric composition of plastics. The BSI CALID segment’s instruments are based on the following technology platforms: MALDI-TOF—Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, including tandem time-of-flight systems (MALDI-TOF); ESI-TOF—Electrospray ionization time-of-flight spectrometry, including trapped ion mobility (TIMS) based on ESI-quadrupole-TOF mass spectrometry (timsTOF); MRMS—Magnetic resonance mass spectrometry, including hybrid systems with a quadrupole front end (Q-q-MRMS); ITMS—Ion trap mass spectrometry; GC-MS—Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry systems utilizing triple-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry; LC-MS—Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry systems utilizing triple-quadrupole time-of flight mass spectrometry; FT-IR—Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy; NIR—Near-infrared spectroscopy; PCR—Polymerase chain reaction; and Raman—Raman spectroscopy. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometers utilize an ionization process to analyze solid samples using a laser that combines high sample throughput with high mass range and sensitivity. The company’s MALDI-TOF mass spectrometers are particularly useful for applications in clinical diagnostics, environmental and taxonomical research and food processing and quality control. Specific applications include oligonucleotide and synthetic polymer analysis; protein identification and quantification; peptide de novo sequencing; determination of post-translational modifications of proteins; interaction proteomics and protein function analysis; drug discovery and development; and fast body fluid and tissue peptide or protein biomarker detection. MALDI mass spectrometry allows users to classify and identify microorganisms quickly and reliably with minimal sample preparation efforts and life cycle costs. The company’s MALDI Biotyper solution, which serves the clinical microbiology market, enables identification, taxonomical classification or dereplication of microorganisms like bacteria, yeasts and fungi. ESI-TOF mass spectrometers utilize an electrospray ionization process to analyze liquid samples. This ionization process, which does not dissociate the molecules, allows for rapid data acquisition and analysis of large biological molecules. ESI-TOF mass spectrometers are particularly useful for: identification, protein analysis and functional complex analysis in proteomics and protein function; molecular identification in metabolomics, natural product and drug metabolite analysis; combinatorial chemistry high throughput screening; and fast liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, or liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), in drug discovery and development. MRMS systems utilize high-field superconducting magnets to offer the highest resolution, selectivity, and mass accuracy achievable in mass spectrometry. The company’s systems based on this technology often eliminate the need for time-consuming separation techniques in complex mixture analyses. In addition, the company’s systems can fragment molecular ions to perform exact mass analysis on all fragments to determine molecular structure. MRMS systems are particularly useful for: the study of the structure and function of biomolecules, including proteins, DNA and natural products; complex mixture analysis, including body fluids or combinatorial libraries; high-throughput proteomics and metabolomics; and top-down proteomics of intact proteins without the need for enzymatic digestion of the proteins prior to analysis. The company offers next-generation hybrid MRMS systems that combine a traditional external quadrupole mass selector and hexapole collision cell with a high-performance MRMS for further ion dissociation, top-down proteomics tools and ultra-high resolution detection. ITMS systems collect all ions simultaneously, which improves sensitivity relative to previous quadrupole mass spectrometers. Ion trap mass spectrometers are particularly useful for sequencing and identification based on peptide structural analysis, quantitative liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, identification of combinatorial libraries and generally enhancing the speed and efficiency of the drug discovery and development process. GC-MS systems combine the features of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify different substances within a test sample. The two components, used together, allow for a finer degree of substance identification than either system when used separately. The result is a quantitative analysis of the components and the mass spectrum of each component. The company’s GC-MS systems are available in triple quadrupole configurations and can be configured with a variety of options to suit a range of applications. The company’s GC-MS systems have applications in food and product safety, forensics, clinical and toxicology testing and environmental, pharmaceutical and chemical analysis. LC-MS systems combine the separation features of liquid chromatography with the molecular identification features of mass spectrometry to separate, identify and quantify different substances within a test sample. As a complementary technique to GC-MS, which analyzes volatile compounds, LC-MS can be used to analyze a wide range of non-volatile compounds in complex samples. The company’s LC-MS systems are available in a wide range of configurations to suit a user’s specific needs. Although primarily used for life science applications, the company’s LC-MS systems also have applications in food and product safety, forensics and clinical and toxicology testing, as well as environmental, pharmaceutical and chemical analysis. FT-IR spectrometers utilize the mid- and far-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The company’s FT-IR systems are commonly used for various quality control and materials research applications. NIR spectrometers utilize the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The company’s NIR instruments are primarily used for quality and process control applications in the pharmaceutical, food and agriculture and chemical industries. PCR the innovative LiquidArray technology optimizes asymmetrical multiplex PCR for creating excess single-stranded amplicons with detection by Lights-On/-Off probes that contain a quencher (Lights-Off) or both fluorophore and quencher (Lights-On). During melting curve analysis, Lights-On/-Off probes detach from the amplicon at specific temperatures and as fluorescence is either emitted or suppressed, specific fluorescence signatures are generated by the unique FluoroCycler XT thermocycler for the LiquidArray multiplex PCR technology. The LiquidArray technology supports multiplexed assays where a large number of targets is analyzed simultaneously from single samples. For example, the LiquidArray-powered, WHO-endorsed FluoroType MTDBR VER 2.0 assay detects more than 500 genotypes by the combined analysis of up to 45 different mutations in mycobacteria. Raman spectroscopy provides information on molecular structure. The mechanism of Raman scattering is different from that of infrared absorption, in that Raman and IR spectra provide complementary information. Raman is useful for the identification of both organic and inorganic compounds and functional groups. It is a nondestructive technique and can be used for the analysis of both liquids and solids. Raman is well suited for use in the polymer and pharmaceutical industries, and has applications in the metals, electronics and semiconductors industries. The technique also has applications in life sciences, forensics and artwork authentication. Additionally, the Bruker Detection product line offers a wide range of portable analytical and bioanalytical detection systems and related products for CBRNE detection. The company’s customers use these devices for nuclear, biological agent and chemical agent defense applications, anti-terrorism, law enforcement and process and facilities monitoring. The company’s CBRNE detection products use many of the same technology platforms as its life science products, as well as additional technologies, including infrared stand-off detection and ion mobility spectrometry, for handheld chemical detectors. The company also provides integrated, comprehensive detection suites that include its multiple detection systems, consumables, training and simulators. BSI Nano The BSI Nano segment comprises the Bruker AXS, Bruker Nano Analytics, Bruker Nano Surfaces and Metrology divisions, Consolidated Fluorescence Microscopy, Canopy Biosciences and Acuity Business Units. The Bruker AXS Division designs, manufactures and distributes advanced X-ray instruments that use electromagnetic radiation with extremely short wavelengths to determine the characteristics of matter and the three-dimensional structure of molecules. This includes a product portfolio of instruments based on X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray micro computed tomography (µCT), or X-ray microscopy, as well as spark optical emission spectroscopy systems (S-OES) used to analyze the concentration of elements in metallic samples. The Bruker Nano Analytics Division manufactures and markets analytical tools for electron microscopes, including energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometers (EDS), electron backscatter diffraction systems (EBSD) and µCT accessories, as well as mobile and bench top micro X-ray fluorescence (µXRF), total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometers (TXRF) and handheld, portable and mobile X-ray fluorescence (HMP-XRF) spectrometry instruments. The Bruker Nano Surfaces and Metrology Division’s products include atomic force microscopy instrumentation (AFM). Such instruments provide atomic or near atomic resolution of surface topography and nanoscale, mechanical, electrical and chemical information using nano scale probes. The Bruker Nano Surfaces and Metrology Division also provides non-contact nanometer resolution solution topography through white light interferometry and stylus profilometry. In addition, the division manufacturers and markets automated X-ray metrology, automated AFM defect-detection and photomask repair and cleaning equipment for semiconductor process control. The Consolidated Fluorescence Microscopy Business Unit provides advanced optical fluorescence microscopy instruments with multi-photon, multipoint scanning confocal, miniature head-mount, 3D super-resolution, light-sheet modalities for studies in life science applications. The Canopy Division provides products and services to support the multi-omics needs of researchers in translational research, drug and biomarker discovery. Customers of the company’s BSI Nano segment include academic institutions, governmental customers, nanotechnology companies, semiconductor companies, raw material manufacturers, industrial companies, biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies and other businesses involved in materials analysis. During 2022, the company launched several new products including Tribolab HD, InfiniteFocus G6, CellHesion 300, IconIR 300, NanoMET II, fp-III Depo, Rhazer-III HSPT, Skyscan 1272, Quantax Gen 7, Cellscape and Investigator+. The company acquired Inscopix, Inc., a neuroscience pioneer and market leader of miniaturized microscopes and Neurescence Inc., an innovative provider of ultralight fiber-bundle Multiscopes for simultaneous multi-region, optical functional neuroimaging. The BSI Nano segment systems are based on the following technology platforms: XRD—Polycrystalline X-ray diffraction, often referred to as X-ray diffraction; XRF—X-ray fluorescence, also called X-ray spectrometry, including handheld XRF systems; SC-XRD—Single crystal X-ray diffraction, often referred to as X-ray crystallography; µCT—X-ray micro computed tomography, X-ray microscopy; EDS—Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy on electron microscopes; EBSD—Electron backscatter diffraction on electron microscopes; S-OES—Spark optical emission spectroscopy; CS/ONH—Combustion analysis for carbon, sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen in solids; AFM—Atomic force microscopy; FM—Fluorescence microscopy; SOM—Stylus and optical metrology; TMT—Tribology and mechanical test systems for analysis of friction and wear; NanoIR—Nanoscale infrared spectroscopy; Alicona—Focus variation optical technology for non-contact dimensional metrology; and Canopy—Multiplexed fluorescence-based single cell imaging for suspended cells and tissues as well as multi-omics sample characterization. XRD systems investigate polycrystalline samples or thin films with single wavelength X-rays. The atoms in the polycrystalline sample scatter the X-rays to create a unique diffraction pattern recorded by a detector. Computer software processes the pattern and produces a variety of information, including stress, texture, qualitative and quantitative phase composition, crystallite size, percent crystallinity and layer thickness, composition, defects and density of thin films and semiconductor material. The company’s XRD systems contribute to a reduction in the development cycles for new products in the catalyst, polymer, electronic, optical material and semiconductor industries. Customers also use the company’s XRD systems in academic and government research, as well as in a variety of other fields, including forensics, art and archaeology. XRF systems determine the elemental composition of a material and provide a full qualitative and quantitative analysis. The company’s XRF systems direct X-rays at a sample, and the atoms in the sample absorb the X-ray energy. The elements in the sample then emit X-rays that are characteristic for each element. The system collects the X-rays, and the software analyzes the resulting data to determine the elements that are present. The company’s XRF products provide automated solutions on a turn-key basis for industrial users that require automated, controlled production processes that reduce product and process cost, increase output and improve product quality. The company’s XRF products cover substantially all of the periodic table and can analyze solid, powder or liquid samples. SC-XRD systems determine the three-dimensional structures of molecules in a chemical, mineral, or biological substance being analyzed. SC-XRD systems have the capability to determine structure in both small chemical molecules and larger biomolecules. SC-XRD systems direct an X-ray beam at a solid, single crystal sample. The atoms in the crystal sample scatter the X-rays to create a precise diffraction pattern recorded by an electronic detector. Software then reconstructs a model of the structure and provides the unique arrangement of the atoms in the sample. This information on the exact arrangement of atoms in the sample is a critical part of molecular analysis and can provide insight into a variety of areas, including how a protein functions or interacts with a second molecule. The company’s SC-XRD systems are designed for use in the life sciences industry, academic research and a variety of other applications. µCT is X-ray imaging in 3D, by the same method used in hospital CT scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. 3D microscopy allows users to image the internal structure of objects non-destructively on a very fine scale. Bruker µCT is available in a range of easy-to-use desktop instruments, which generate 3D images of the sample’s morphology and internal microstructure with resolution down to the sub-micron level. The company’s µCT systems are used for numerous applications in materials research and in the life sciences industry. EDS systems analyze the chemical composition of materials under investigation in electron microscopes by utilizing the fact that atoms of different chemical elements, when exposed to the high energy electron beam generated by the microscope, irradiate X-rays of different characteristic energy. The evaluation of the energy spectrum collected by the company’s spectrometer allows the determination of the qualitative and quantitative chemical sample composition at the beam position. EDS systems allow for simultaneous analysis of all elements in the periodic table, beginning with atomic number 4 (beryllium). The company’s EDS systems are used for a range of applications, including nanotechnology and advanced materials research, as well as materials analysis and quality control. Customers for EDS systems include industrial customers, academia and government research facilities. EBSD systems are used to perform quantitative microstructure analysis of crystalline samples in electron microscopes. The microscope’s electron beam strikes the tilted sample and diffracted electrons form a pattern on a fluorescent screen. This pattern is characteristic of the crystal structure and orientation of the sample region from which it was generated. It provides the absolute crystal orientation with sub-micron resolution. EBSD can be used to characterize materials with regard to crystal orientation, texture, stress, strain and grain size. EBSD also allows the identification of crystalline phases and their distribution and is applied to many industries, such as metals processing, aerospace, automotive, microelectronics and earth sciences. S-OES instruments are used for analyzing metals. S-OES covers a broad range of applications for metals analysis from pure metals trace analysis to high alloyed grades and allows for analysis of a complete range of relevant elements simultaneously. S-OES instruments pass an electric spark onto a sample, which burns the surface of the sample and causes atoms to jump to a higher orbit. The company’s detectors quantify the light emitted by these atoms and help its customers to determine the elemental composition of the material. This technique is widely used in production control laboratories of foundries and steel mills. CS/ONH carrier gas systems incorporate a furnace and infrared or thermal conductivity detection to analyze inorganic materials for the determination of carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen. Combustion and inert gas fusion analyzers are used for applications in metal production and processing, chemicals, ceramics and cement, coal processing, oil refining and semiconductors. AFM systems provide atomic or near-atomic resolution of material surface topography using a nano-scale probe that is brought into light contact with the sample being investigated. In addition to presenting a surface image, AFM can also provide quantitative nano-scale measurements of feature sizes, material properties, electrical information, chemical properties and other sample characteristics. The company’s AFM systems are used for applications in academic and governmental materials and biological research and semiconductor, data storage hard drive, LED, battery, solar cells, polymers, and pharmaceutical product development and manufacturing. FM products use fluorescence microscopy to determine the structure and composition of life science samples. The company’s products include two-photon microscopes, multipoint scanning confocal microscopes, miniature head-mounted microscopes, super-resolution microscopes, light-sheet microscopes, laser illumination sources, photoactivation, photostimulation and photoablation accessories and synchronization and analysis software. Two-photon microscopes allow imaging deep into tissues and cells and are used widely in neuroscience. Multipoint scanning confocal systems allow live cell imaging with rapid acquisition of images for structural and composition analysis. Miniature head-mount microscopes allow monitoring of animal brain activity during free-roaming, naturalistic behavior at cellular level. Super-resolution and single-molecule localization microscopy products allow imaging below the optical diffraction limit by an order of magnitude. Light-sheet based products allow fast 3D volume imaging with very low phototoxicity and photo-damage effects enabling live cell and large volume imaging. SOM systems provide atomic or near-atomic two dimensional and three-dimensional surface resolution using white light interferometry, confocal optical and stylus profilometry methods. SOM profilers range from low-cost manual tools for single measurements to advanced, highly automated systems for production line quality assurance and quality control applications where the combination of throughput, repeatability and reproducibility is essential. SOM profilers support a range of applications in research, product development, tribology, quality control and failure analysis related to materials and machining in the automotive, orthopedic, ophthalmic, high brightness LED, semiconductor, data storage, optics and other markets. TMT systems provide a platform for all types of common mechanical, friction, durability, scratch and indentation tests for a wide spectrum of materials. Tribology systems are utilized for both academic research of the fundamental material properties and industrial applications in the semiconductor, aerospace, petroleum, automotive and other industries. NanoIR systems perform infrared (IR) spectroscopy at the nanoscale. The company’s systems use nanoprobe technology similar to what is used in its atomic force microscopes to deliver quantitative chemical information from the nanoscale to the sub-micron and macro scales. The NanoIR measurement gives the user varying physical and chemical properties with nanoscale spatial resolution in a diverse range of fields, including polymers, 2D materials, materials science, life science and the micro-electronics industry. The company’s systems allow nanoscale IR absorption spectroscopy with interpretable IR spectra that directly correlates to FTIR, as well as the complementary technique of nanoscale s-SNOM. With its broadband sources, these systems allow broadband scientific spectroscopy. Alicona systems combine the functionalities of a micro coordinate measurement machine (CMM) with those of a surface measurement system. These dimensional metrology systems are based on the pioneering development of optical Focus-Variation measurement algorithms and provide the noncontact measurement of form and roughness of complex, miniaturized geometries. These systems serve many quality assurance application areas requiring precision measurement and dimensional metrology, including aerospace, automotive, precision medical products, additive manufacturing, and micro precision manufacturing. Canopy provides spatial profiling services and instruments which include both the company’s CellScape instrument and ChipCytometry service for quantitative, high plex, targeted spatial proteomics in single cell and tissues. These technologies, along with Canopy’s more basic IHC and FISH services, allow researchers to elucidate gene and protein expression in a spatial context, which is useful for deep biological insight into gene expression and for the development of biomarkers. Canopy also provides transcriptional profiling services covering a variety of assays, including RNASeq and qPCR. The company’s multi-omic services provide data elucidating gene expression, signaling pathways, and differential expression trends on customer provided biological samples. These services generally incorporate a data analysis service, as well and can be utilized with multiple types of samples from very early discovery research through clinical trials. BEST The BEST segment designs, manufactures and distributes superconducting materials, primarily metallic low temperature superconductors, for use in magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear magnetic resonance, fusion energy research and other applications. Additionally, BEST develops, manufactures and markets sophisticated devices and complex tools based primarily on metallic low temperature superconductors that have applications in big science research, including radio frequency accelerator cavities and modules, power couplers and linear accelerators. BEST also manufactures and sells non-superconducting high technology tools, such as synchrotron and beamline instrumentation, principally to customers engaged in materials research and big science research projects. Sales and Marketing The company maintains direct sales forces throughout North America, Europe, China, Japan, and elsewhere in the Asia Pacific region. The company also utilizes indirect sales channels to reach customers. The company has various international distributors, independent sales representatives and various other representatives in parts of Asia, Latin America, Africa, the Middle East and Eastern Europe. These entities augment the company’s direct sales force and provides coverage in areas where it does not have direct sales personnel. In addition, the company has adopted a distribution business model in which it engages in strategic distribution alliances with other companies to address certain market segments. The sales cycle for the company’s products is dependent on the size and complexity of the system and budgeting cycles of its customers. The company’s sales cycle is typically three to twenty-four months for academic and high-end research products and two weeks to six months for industrial products. The sales cycle of the company’s low temperature superconducting materials is typically four to twelve months, with cycles of certain high-end materials exceeding one year. Sales of the company’s high-end NMR and superconducting devices typically take more than one year and certain large, complex contracts can take more than two years to complete. The company has well-equipped applications and demonstration facilities and qualified application personnel who assist customers and provide product demonstrations in specific application areas. The company maintains its primary demonstration facilities at its production facilities, as well as in other key market locations. Seasonal Nature of Business Historically, the company has higher levels of revenue in the fourth quarter and lower levels of revenues in the first quarter of the year (year ended December 31, 2022), which is influenced by its customers’ budgeting cycles. Major Customers The company has a broad and diversified customer base. Competition BSI BioSpin: The BSI BioSpin segment competes with companies that offer magnetic resonance spectrometers, mainly JEOL, QOne Instruments, Nanalysis and Oxford Instruments. In the field of preclinical imaging, BioSpin competes with PerkinElmer Inc., Mediso, Trifoil, MR Solutions and others. BSI CALID: BSI CALID’s competitors in the life science markets and chemical and applied markets include Danaher, Agilent, GE-Healthcare, Waters, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Shimadzu, Hitachi and JEOL. In the microbiology market, CALID competes with Biomerieux. In molecular diagnostics, CALID competes with a number of companies offering products for infectious disease diagnostics. CALID also competes with a variety of companies that offer molecular spectrometry-based systems, including Thermo Fisher Scientific, PerkinElmer, Agilent, Foss, ABB Bomem, Buchi, Shimadzu, Horiba, Rigaku and Jasco. CALID’s CBRNE detection customers are highly fragmented, and it competes with a number of companies in this area, of which the most significant competitor is Smiths Detection. BSI Nano: The BSI Nano Segment competes with companies that offer analytical X-ray solutions, OES systems, AFM and SOM systems and optical fluorescence systems, primarily Rigaku, Oxford Instruments, Agilent, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Ametek’s Spectro and Edax divisions, PANalytical, Park Systems, Olympus, Nikon, Zeiss and Danaher’s Leica business. BEST: BEST competes with Luvata, Western Superconducting Technologies Co., Ltd. (WST), and Jastec Co., Ltd. in low temperature superconducting materials. BEST further competes with Zanon, Mitsubishi Electric and AES in the development and supply of accelerator cavities, with Thales, Toshiba and CPI International in the development and supply of radio frequency couplers, with Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in the development and supply of superconducting accelerator modules and with AES and Thales for electron linear accelerators. Manufacturing and Supplies BEST has an ongoing collaboration and a joint technology development agreement with Allegheny Technologies Incorporated to advance state-of-the-art niobium-based superconductors, including those used in MRI magnets for the medical industry, and preclinical MRI magnets used in the life-science tools industry. Government Regulation The company’s products are subject to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s, or the FDA’s, requirements for electronic radiation emitting products, which include requirements related to record-keeping and reporting; labeling; notification; product repairs, replacements and refunds; importation; and performance standards. The company’s Bruker Daltonics subsidiary possesses low-level radiation licenses for facilities in Billerica, Massachusetts and Leipzig, Germany. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission also has regulations concerning the exposure of the company’s employees to radiation. Certain of the company’s clinical products are subject to regulation as medical devices in the United States by the FDA and by similar regulatory bodies in other countries where such products are sold. The regulatory requirements imposed by the FDA and other regulatory bodies govern a wide variety of product-related activities, from quality management, design and development to labeling, manufacturing, promotion, sales, and distribution. For example, the company’s MALDI Biotyper CA system is subject to regulation by the FDA as a medical device and requires FDA premarket review and clearance via the 510(k) premarket notification process and its IVD-CE Certified MALDI BioTyper system is subject to regulation in the European Union under the provisions of Directive 98/79/EC. In addition, certain product changes, including changes to the product indications or label claims, could trigger the requirement for a new 510(k) or other FDA or foreign regulatory premarket submission. Should the company pursue an FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authority clearance, authorization, or approval for a new device or device modification. Both before and after a medical device product is commercially released, the company has ongoing responsibilities under FDA and foreign regulations. The company is required to comply with the FDA’s Quality System Regulation, which sets forth the good manufacturing requirements for medical devices. The company’s products approved under the European Union Directive 98/97/EC (IVDD), and not already placed on the market or put into service, must be recertified under the IVDR. For sales in Germany, Bruker AXS registers each system with the local authorities. In some countries where Bruker AXS sells systems, Bruker AXS uses the license the company obtained from the federal authorities in Germany to assist it in obtaining a license from the country in which the sale occurs. The company’s Bruker AXS subsidiary possesses low-level radiation materials licenses from the local radiation safety authority, Gewerbeaufsichtsamt Karlsruhe, for its facility in Karlsruhe, Germany; and from the local radiation safety authority, Kanagawa Prefecture, for its facility in Yokohama, Japan, as well as from various other countries in which it sells its products. The company’s Bruker Daltonics subsidiary possesses low-level radiation licenses for facilities in Billerica, Massachusetts and Leipzig, Germany. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission also has regulations concerning the exposure of its employees to radiation. As such, the company continually invests in its manufacturing infrastructure to gain and maintain certifications and registrations necessary for the relevant level of regulatory clearance. The company is also required to maintain processes and systems for medical device product submissions. For example, the company’s MALDI Biotyper CA system is subject to regulation by the FDA as a medical device and requires FDA premarket review and clearance via the 510(k) premarket notification process and its IVD-CE Certified MALDI BioTyper system is subject to regulation in the European Union under the provisions of Directive 98/79/EC. In addition, certain product changes, including changes to the product indications or label claims, could trigger the requirement for a new 510(k) or other FDA or foreign regulatory premarket submission. The FDA’s medical device reporting regulation requires the company to provide information to the FDA whenever it become aware that there is evidence that reasonably suggests that a device may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury or, that a malfunction occurred, which would be likely to cause or contribute to a death or serious injury upon recurrence. The FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities also regulate the promotion and marketing of medical devices and require that manufacturers only make promotional claims or statements that are consistent with the indications and labeling cleared, authorized, or approved by the FDA or other regulatory authorities. The FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities may take enforcement action against the company, should the FDA determine it has engaged in off-label promotion or other violative marketing activities. The company’s products approved under the IVDD, and not already placed on the market or put into service, must be recertified under the IVDR. History Bruker Corporation was incorporated in Massachusetts in 1991.