About General Dynamics

General Dynamics Corporation (General Dynamics) operates as a global aerospace and defense company that specializes in high-end design, engineering and manufacturing to deliver solutions to its customers. The company offers a broad portfolio of products and services in business aviation; ship construction and repair; land combat vehicles, weapons systems and munitions; and technology products and services. The company’s leadership positions in attractive business aviation and defense markets enable the company to deliver superior and enduring shareholder returns. The company consists of 10 business units, which are organized into four operating segments: Aerospace, Marine Systems, Combat Systems and Technologies. The company refers to the latter three collectively as its defense segments. The company has invested in its business to create, renew or expand its portfolio of products and services across the company’s businesses. This includes product development investments in Aerospace to bring to market an all-new lineup of business jet aircraft, capital investments in Marine Systems to support significant growth in the U.S. Navy ship and submarine construction plans over the next two decades, development of next-generation platforms and technologies to meet customers’ emerging requirements in Combat Systems, and strategic acquisitions to achieve critical mass and build out a complete spectrum of solutions for the company’s Technologies customers. Aerospace The company’s Aerospace segment is recognized as a leading producer of business jets and the standard bearer in new technology aircraft, aircraft repair, support and completion services. The segment consists of the company’s Gulfstream and Jet Aviation business units. The company has made significant investments in research and development (R&D), state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities, and maintenance and support through a combination of product development efforts, capital expansion and Jet Aviation’s global support network. The company is also the industry leader in the use of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) and energy efficient engines. The company is committed to continual investment in R&D to create new aircraft that consistently broaden customer offerings while raising the bar for safety and performance. The result is the unprecedented development of an all-new lineup of the most technologically advanced business jet aircraft in the world. The Gulfstream family of aircraft offer industry-leading cabin, cockpit and safety technologies and the longest ranges at the fastest speeds in their respective classes. The most recent additions to the in-service Gulfstream fleet are two large-cabin aircraft, the G500 and G600, which entered service in 2018 and 2019, respectively. These clean-sheet (i.e., all-new) aircraft replace the G450 and G550 models, whose combined family has an installed base of more than 1,650 aircraft around the world. The company’s investment included the development of a new wing, new avionics, new fuselage and new ergonomically designed larger interiors, as well as systems and technologies to improve the manufacturing process and quality of the platform. As a result, the G500 and G600 are faster, more fuel efficient, and have greater cabin volume, reduced emissions, more range and improved flight controls compared with the aircraft they are replacing. These aircraft hold more than 90 city-pair speed records, and as of year ended December 31, 2023 (year-end 2023), cumulative deliveries for the aircraft totaled over 250. The next model to join the Gulfstream lineup is the ultra-long-range, ultra-large-cabin G700. It combines the company’s most spacious cabin with the company’s advanced Symmetry Flight Deck, the industry’s most technologically advanced flight deck, which the company launched on its G500 and G600 aircraft, and the superior high-speed performance of all-new engines to create best-in-class capabilities. The company expects the G700 to enter service following certification from the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in early 2024. In 2021, the company introduced two new aircraft, the ultra-long-range, ultra-large-cabin G800 and large-cabin G400, completing a nearly two-decade effort to develop an all-new family of Gulfstream aircraft. Both aircraft combine the company’s industry-leading high-speed range and efficiency, safety enhancements, and the company’s advanced Symmetry Flight Deck. The G800 is Gulfstream’s longest-range aircraft, with an 8,000 nautical mile range at Mach 0.85. The G400 is a clean-sheet design developed in concert with the G500 and G600, thus expanding the commonality across the Gulfstream family of aircraft. The G400 will join a market segment in which Gulfstream has not participated for several decades. Both aircraft will enter service following FAA certification. The ultra-long-range, ultra-large-cabin G650 and G650ER continue to generate significant customer interest, with approximately 550 aircraft of this family operating in 55 countries. Since the first G650 entered service in 2012, its capabilities and reliability have led to significant sales and expansion of the company’s installed base around the globe. Gulfstream’s current product line holds more than 355 city-pair speed records, more than any other business jet manufacturer, led by the G650ER, which holds the National Aeronautic Association’s polar and westbound around-the-world speed records. The company’s disciplined and consistent approach to new product development has allowed the company to introduce repeatedly first-to-market capabilities that set industry standards for safety, performance, quality, speed and comfort. Product enhancement and development efforts include initiatives in advanced avionics, composites, flight-control and vision systems, acoustics, and cabin technologies. Gulfstream designs, develops and manufactures aircraft in Savannah, Georgia, including all large-cabin models. The mid-cabin G280 is assembled by a non-U.S. partner. All models are outfitted in Gulfstream’s U.S. facilities. As Gulfstream’s aircraft portfolio and customer base have grown and become increasingly global in reach over the years, the company has invested in its facilities and operations around the world. At the company’s Savannah campus, the company added new purpose-built manufacturing facilities, increased aircraft service capacity, opened a customer-support distribution center, and expanded the company’s R&D capabilities. The company offers comprehensive support for the more than 3,000 Gulfstream aircraft in service around the world and operates an extensive network of factory-owned service centers. The company continues to invest in these maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) facilities and inventory to accommodate fleet growth. The company also operates a 24/7 year-round customer support center and offer on-call Gulfstream aircraft technicians ready to deploy around the world for customer service requirements under the company’s Field and Airborne Support Team (FAST) rapid-response unit. In addition to expanding the reach of Gulfstream’s aircraft maintenance network outside the United States, Jet Aviation provides a comprehensive suite of innovative aircraft services for aircraft owners and operators around the world. With approximately 50 locations throughout North America, Europe, the Middle East and the Asia-Pacific region, the company’s offerings include maintenance, completion, aircraft management, charter, staffing and fixed-base operator (FBO) services. Jet Aviation manages approximately 300 business aircraft globally on behalf of individuals and corporate owners. The company operates a leading global FBO network of approximately 30 facilities on four continents and support all aircraft types with a full range of maintenance services, including 24/7 global aircraft-on-ground support. The company also operates one of the world’s largest custom completion and refurbishment centers for both narrow- and wide-body aircraft and perform modifications, upgrades and lifecycle sustainment support for various government fleets. The company continues to grow the company’s global footprint through acquisitions, expansions and significant renovations in strategic business aviation markets most frequented by these customers. In 2023, the company expanded hangar capacity in Scottsdale, Arizona, and in Bozeman, Montana, bringing total U.S. hangar capacity to approximately one million square feet and providing additional capacity for large-cabin aircraft. The Aerospace segment places a priority on sustainability throughout its manufacturing and service operations, producing aircraft that maximize fuel efficiency while offering customers options to reduce or eliminate their carbon footprints. Gulfstream and Jet Aviation have been at the forefront of the industry by adopting and expanding the availability of SAF, which achieves as much as an 80% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions per gallon over its lifecycle compared to petroleum-based jet fuel. Gulfstream’s service and test aircraft have flown more than two million nautical miles on SAF since 2016, and in 2019 Gulfstream became the first business jet manufacturer to make SAF available to customers. In November 2023, Gulfstream conducted the world’s first transatlantic flight using 100% SAF. Gulfstream also offers operators the ability to achieve carbon-neutral travel by facilitating the purchase of carbon-offset credits. In addition to actively expanding the availability of SAF at its FBO locations, Jet Aviation allows customers to purchase SAF at locations where it is not available through a book-and-claim system. Since 2019, Jet Aviation has uploaded more than 10 million gallons of blended SAF to its customers. Marine Systems The company’s Marine Systems segment is the leading designer and builder of nuclear-powered submarines and a leader in surface combatant and auxiliary ship design and construction for the U.S. Navy. The company also provides maintenance, modernization and lifecycle support services for Navy ships and maintains the most sophisticated marine engineering expertise in the world to support future capabilities. The company’s ability to design, build and maintain the company’s nation’s most technologically sophisticated warships is a critical element of the U.S. defense industrial base. In addition to Navy ships, the company has designed and built ocean-going Jones Act ships for commercial customers. Marine Systems consists of three business units — Electric Boat, Bath Iron Works and NASSCO. In the support of the company’s Navy customer’s significant increase in demand for submarines and surface ships, the company is making substantial investments to expand its facilities, grow and train the company’s workforce, and expand the company’s supply chain. Electric Boat is the prime contractor and lead shipyard on all Navy nuclear-powered submarine programs. The business is responsible for all aspects of design and engineering and leads the construction of both Columbia-class ballistic-missile submarines and Virginia-class attack submarines. The Columbia-class ballistic-missile submarine is a 12-boat program that the Navy considers its top acquisition priority. Accordingly, the program has received the highest possible rating from the government’s Defense Priorities and Allocations System. These submarines will provide strategic deterrent capabilities, with the first boat scheduled for delivery in 2027 to begin replacement of the current Ohio-class ballistic-missile submarine fleet as it reaches the end of its service life. The Navy procures Virginia-class submarines in multi-boat blocks at a two-per-year rate. Along with an industry partner, the company is working on Blocks IV and V in the program, with 16 Virginia-class submarines in the company’s backlog scheduled for delivery through 2032. Ten of the boats in Block V will include the Virginia Payload Module, an 84-foot Electric Boat-designed-and-built hull section that adds four additional payload tubes, more than tripling the strike capacity of these submarines and providing unique capabilities to support special missions. The company will work with its Navy customer on any additional construction needs that could develop in light of increased submarine demand. The company is also working with its growing network of approximately 3,000 suppliers — mostly small businesses — to support concurrent production of the two submarine programs. Bath Iron Works builds the Arleigh Burke-class (DDG-51) guided-missile destroyer and manages modernization and lifecycle support for all Navy destroyers. In 2023, the company was awarded a contract from the Navy for construction of three Flight III DDG-51 destroyers. The company has a total of 12 ships in backlog scheduled for delivery through 2032. NASSCO specializes in Navy auxiliary and support ships and is building the Expeditionary Sea Base (ESB), which serves as an afloat forward-staging base for the U.S. Marines and special operations forces, and the John Lewis-class (T-AO-205) fleet replenishment oiler. Work on the two ESBs in backlog will continue into 2026, while the seven T-AO-205 ships in backlog have deliveries planned into 2028. NASSCO has also designed and built crude oil and product tankers and container and cargo ships for commercial customers, satisfying Jones Act requirements that ships carrying cargo between the U.S. ports be built in the U.S. shipyards. In addition to design and construction activities, the company’s Marine Systems segment provides comprehensive post-delivery services to modernize and extend the service life of these and other Navy ships. NASSCO conducts full-service maintenance and surface-ship repair operations in Navy fleet concentration areas in San Diego, California; Norfolk, Virginia; Bremerton, Washington; and Mayport, Florida. Electric Boat provides submarine maintenance and modernization services in a variety of U.S. locations, and Bath Iron Works provides lifecycle support services for Navy surface ships in both U.S. and overseas ports. In the support of allied navies, the company offers program management, planning, engineering and design support for submarine construction programs. Combat Systems The company’s Combat Systems segment is a premier manufacturer and integrator of land combat solutions worldwide, including wheeled and tracked combat vehicles, weapons systems and munitions. The segment consists of three business units — Land Systems, European Land Systems (ELS), and Ordnance and Tactical Systems (OTS). Combat Systems creates long-term value through operational excellence — high-quality, on-schedule and on-budget performance — combined with investments in innovative technologies that modernize existing platforms and develop next-generation capabilities to meet the company’s customers’ rapidly evolving requirements. The company maintains its market-leading position by focusing on innovation, affordability and speed to market to deliver increased survivability, performance and lethality on the battlefield. The company’s large installed base of wheeled and tracked vehicles around the world and expertise gained from research, engineering and production programs position the company well for modernization programs, support and sustainment services, and future development programs. Land Systems is the sole-source producer of two foundational products central to the U.S. Army’s warfighting capabilities — the Abrams main battle tank and Stryker wheeled combat vehicle. Both of these platforms are core components of the multi-domain, joint war fight envisioned on the battlefield of the future. The company is maximizing the effectiveness and lethality of the Army’s M1A2 Abrams tank fleet with next-generation upgrades through continued delivery of the system enhancement package version 3 (SEPv3) configuration. This package provides technological advancements in communications, power generation, fuel efficiency, optics and armor. The company also continues to upgrade Abrams tanks for several non-U.S. partners. In 2023, the Army announced that it will develop the new M1E3 Abrams main battle tank, which will make capability improvements needed to fight and win against future threats. The ‘E’ identifier reflects that the program is an engineering change that is more significant than a minor modification. The development of the M1E3 Abrams will include the latest systems architecture standards, allowing for quicker technology upgrades and requiring fewer resources, and will enhance efficacy through reduced sustainment footprint and increased tactical mobility. The Stryker is an eight-wheeled, medium-weight combat vehicle that combines lethality, mobility and survivability. Land Systems continues to develop upgrades and enhancements to this highly versatile and combat-proven platform to address the Army’s evolving operational needs. The company is fielding an enhanced Stryker platform that includes the double-V-hull for survivability, increased power, improved cross-country mobility and an advanced digital, in-vehicle network. The company has completed fielding these vehicles for the second of nine Army brigades, as well as for the Army’s Ranger Regiment. In addition, coordination continues with the Army for next-generation upgrades to the platform and new uses for the vehicle. Leveraging the company’s rapid prototyping expertise and customer intimacy, the company continues to expand the mission capabilities of this platform, including an air defense mission package (M-SHORAD), a state-of-the-art electronic warfare suite, a high-energy laser, a high-power microwave, and several command post options. In 2022, the company was awarded a low-rate initial production (LRIP) contract for the Army’s M10 Booker combat vehicle (formerly known as Mobile Protected Firepower) — the first ground combat vehicle to transition from prototype to production in 40 years. The M10 Booker vehicle will enhance the relevance of Infantry Brigade Combat Teams in large-scale combat operations against near-peer threats. The highly lethal, survivable and mobile direct-fire combat vehicle melds recently developed and battle-tested designs to dominate ground threats on the multi-domain battlefield. Combat Systems provides similar capabilities for the U.S. allies and partners through export opportunities and through the company’s operations in several countries around the world, including Canada, the United Kingdom, Spain, Switzerland, Austria, Germany and Romania. As a result, the company has a market-leading position in light armored vehicles (LAVs) with more than 12,000 of the high-mobility, versatile Pandur, Piranha and other LAVs in service worldwide. Land Systems is producing 399 new LAVs for the Canadian army in eight variants, including ambulances, command posts, maintenance and recovery vehicles, and troop-carrying vehicles, as well as upgrading its existing fleet. Land Systems is also producing the British Army’s Ajax armored fighting vehicle, a next-generation, medium-weight tracked combat vehicle. With six variants, including a reconnaissance vehicle, an armored personnel carrier and various support platforms, the Ajax family of vehicles offers advanced electronic architecture and proven technology for a balance of survivability, lethality and mobility, along with high reliability for a vehicle in its weight class. ELS is producing and upgrading Piranha vehicles, a premier 8x8 armored combat vehicle, around the world. The company is providing Piranha 5 vehicles for several countries, including Denmark, Romania and Spain. Additionally, the company provides mobile bridge systems with payloads ranging from 100 kilograms to 100 tons to customers worldwide. The company offers the ASCOD, a highly versatile tracked combat vehicle with multiple versions, including the Spanish Pizarro and the Austrian Ulan. ELS also offers Duro and Eagle tactical vehicles in a range of options and weight classes and is producing these vehicles for Luxembourg, Switzerland and Germany, while providing a full range of product support for the German armed forces. The company is expanding its platform capabilities through continued investment in robotic and autonomous vehicle technology. The company has developed the Multi-Utility Tactical Transport (MUTT), a semi-autonomous robotic platform that can be equipped with an array of modular mission payloads for use alongside dismounted soldiers. This platform was selected as the Army’s first robotic vehicle program of record and is officially designated as the Small Multipurpose Equipment Transport (S-MET). Additionally, the company has developed the Tracked Robot 10-ton (TRX) prototype, a medium-sized, semi-autonomous combat vehicle that enables critical battlefield roles, such as direct and indirect fire, autonomous resupply, reconnaissance and other battlefield missions. Complementing these military-vehicle offerings, OTS designs, develops and produces a comprehensive array of sophisticated weapon systems for ground forces. OTS produces next-generation weapon and defense systems for shipboard, aircraft and ground applications, including high-speed Gatling guns for all U.S. fighter aircraft (such as the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter) and combat vehicle active protection systems. OTS’s munitions portfolio covers the full breadth of naval, air and ground forces applications across all calibers and weapon platforms for the U.S. government and its non-U.S. partners. Globally, the company maintains a market-leading position in the supply of Hydra-70 rockets, bomb bodies, large-caliber tank ammunition, medium-caliber ammunition, military propellants, mortar and a 155mm artillery suite of ammunition. In 2023, OTS received awards to expand its existing metal parts production capacity from 18,000 to 86,000 rounds per month by 2025 and expand existing propellant capacity from 4 million to 16 million pounds per year by 2028 while establishing capacity for 155mm load, assemble, and pack (LAP) to 50,000 rounds per month by 2025. The OTS facilities and production expansion supports the U.S. Army’s effort to accelerate artillery production. OTS is the systems integrator for the next generation of artillery solutions in the support of the Army’s Indirect Fire Modernization objectives. Additionally, OTS maintains a leading position providing missile subsystems in the support of the U.S. tactical and strategic missiles, provisioning both legacy and next-generation missiles with critical aerostructures, control actuators, high-performance warheads, and cutting-edge hypersonic rocket cases. Technologies The company’s Technologies segment provides a full spectrum of services, technologies and products to an expanding market that increasingly seeks solutions combining leading-edge electronic hardware with specialized software. The segment is organized into two business units — Information Technology (GDIT) and Mission Systems. Together they serve a wide range of military, intelligence, federal civilian and state customers with a diverse portfolio that includes consulting, technology solutions and mission-support services; mobile communication, computers, command-and-control and cyber (C5) mission systems; and intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) solutions. GDIT and Mission Systems share the same defense, intelligence and federal civilian customer base and increasingly go to market together to meet the ever-changing information-systems and mission-support needs of these customers. In addition, with the convergence of digital technologies, the two businesses benefit from significant complementary offerings and solution sets. The segment makes strategic investments in new and emerging technologies and combines an in-depth understanding of the evolving technology landscape with an intimate knowledge of the company’s customers’ mission needs. GDIT develops tailorable digital solutions and services developed specifically to meet mission needs in the company’s customers’ operating environments. These solutions, known as the company’s Digital Accelerators, are at the forefront of technological trends, and include zero trust, artificial intelligence (AI) for mission applications, AI for IT operations, hybrid multi-cloud, software factory, 5G, defensive cyber, and post-quantum cryptography. GDIT provides digital consulting services, modernizes large-scale IT enterprises and deploys the latest technologies to optimize and protect customer networks, data and information. Operating thousands of complex digital modernization programs across the federal government, GDIT’s expansive portfolio includes cloud services, cybersecurity, network modernization, AI, application development, high-performance computing, and 5G and next-generation wireless communications. Mission Systems is a defense electronics manufacturer and integrator for C5ISR applications in all domains. The company’s products and solutions are built into platforms and integrated systems on which the company’s customers rely. The business’ portfolio includes both prime contract programs with government customers, as well as subcontract positions with large platform providers to develop and integrate technologies to make their systems smarter and more secure. The Technologies segment leverages its scale, partnerships and deep knowledge of its customers’ missions and challenges to bring innovation to those customers across a portfolio of thousands of contracts. While no individual contract is material to the segment’s results, the following highlights provide a sampling of the value of this business. GDIT delivers a full spectrum of cloud solutions and services to modernize customers’ legacy IT infrastructures and systems. These cloud capabilities advance security and accelerate access to cutting-edge technologies, such as high-performance computing and AI. For the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), GDIT is providing hybrid cloud services, including commercial clouds and data centers, and IT design, engineering, implementation and operations support services to the NGA and its mission partners. In the federal civilian market, GDIT is modernizing the electronic health record system of the Indian Health Service, an agency within the Department of Health and Human Services that provides federal health services to 2.6 million American Indians and Alaska Natives across the country. The company applies AI to expand the human capacity to make better decisions and implement smarter actions as the company automates, secures and enhances its customers’ operations. For the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), GDIT leverages managed services and AI to accelerate veteran benefits claims processing, develops applications and software to improve the veteran user experience, and provides on-demand 24/7/365 IT support to more than 500,000 VA personnel nationwide. In the federal civilian sector, GDIT’s high-performance supercomputers, ranked two of the fastest in the world by TOP500, run the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) operational models used to forecast the weather and model climate data. The company recently expanded the computing capacity of these supercomputers by 20%, allowing NOAA to provide more complex, detailed forecasting models. To adapt to a constantly evolving threat landscape, GDIT embeds cyber solutions into every aspect of digital modernization. More than 3,000 cyber professionals support cyber projects across 30 federal government agencies. GDIT is also a market leader in the deployment of zero trust, a government mandate and cybersecurity strategy to ensure perpetual security of networks, applications and data. This work includes supporting the U.S. Army National Guard’s Department of Defense Information Network’s IT infrastructure, cybersecurity, application hosting and associated services. This enterprise network, one of the largest in the DoD, provides soldiers with access to the internet; allows them to connect securely with other databases and networks; and provides leaders with tools for training, mission planning and execution. The company is also implementing comprehensive security services for the U.S. Air Force, including information, personnel and communications security, counterintelligence analysis and cybersecurity assessments. Mission Systems develops and manufactures high-assurance encryption products that are widely deployed to protect national security systems, data and networks against persistent threats. These Type 1 National Security Agency (NSA)-certified products and capabilities provide needed protection for classified voice, video and data in-transit or at-rest in all domains. Capabilities range from enterprise systems to embedded applications required for terrestrial, airborne or space environments. The company is working with its U.S. Army customer to adapt elements of advanced resilient radio frequency (RF) to address battlefield realities such as jamming, spoofing, cyberattacks and lack of ground connectivity. For the Canadian army, the company was recently selected to provide the Land Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) system. Mission Systems continues to help advance the company’s nation’s position in the space domain. The U.S. Space Development Agency (SDA) selected Mission Systems to establish the ground operations and integration segment for Tranche 1 of the National Defense Space Architecture by building ground entry points and operations centers, as well as providing network operations and systems integration services for the SDA’s next tranche of proliferated low-earth orbit satellites. In addition, the company provides critical subsystems for data processing and security of space assets across multiple space vehicle platforms. In the maritime domain, the company has a more than 60-year legacy of providing critical systems to the Navy’s submarine programs. These include advanced fire-control and weapon launch systems, tactical control systems, specialized hardware and software solutions for acoustics, cybersecurity, torpedo guidance and other core capabilities that are essential for submarine modernization with the U.S. and allied forces. Mission Systems also continues to invest in autonomous capabilities both undersea and in the air. The company’s Unmanned Undersea Vehicle (UUV) Manufacturing and Assembly Center of Excellence provides manufacturing, assembly, integration and testing capabilities for Mission Systems’ Knifefish and Bluefin Robotics UUVs, as well as the Hammerhead program for the Navy. In addition, the company supports a variety of manned and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms with mission-critical processing and security subsystems on both modern combat and ISR aircraft, as well as emerging capabilities like the Collaborative Combat Aircraft. Customers In 2023, 72% of the company’s consolidated revenue was from the U.S. government, 14% was from U.S. commercial customers, 8% was from non-U.S. government customers and the remaining 6% was from non-U.S. commercial customers. The U.S. Government The company’s primary customer is the DoD. The company also contracts with other U.S. government customers, including the intelligence community and the Departments of Homeland Security and Health and Human Services. The U.S. Commercial In 2023, the majority of the revenue was for business jet aircraft and related services where the company’s customer base consists of individuals and public and privately held companies across a wide range of industries. Non-U.S. The company conducts business with customers around the world. The company’s non-U.S. defense subsidiaries maintain long-term relationships with their customers and have established themselves as principal regional suppliers and employers, providing a broad portfolio of products and services. The company’s non-U.S. commercial revenue primarily consists of business jet aircraft exports and worldwide aircraft services. While the installed base of aircraft is concentrated in North America, orders from customers outside North America represent a significant portion of the company’s aircraft business with approximately 40% of the Aerospace segment’s aircraft backlog on December 31, 2023. Regulatory Matters The Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) and the Cost Accounting Standards (CAS) govern the majority of the company’s contracts. The Aerospace segment is subject to FAA regulation in the United States and other similar aviation regulatory authorities internationally, including the Civil Aviation Administration of Israel (CAAI), the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC). The company is directly or indirectly involved in environmental investigations or remediation at some of its facilities and at third-party sites that the company does not own but where the company has been designated a potentially responsible party (PRP) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency or a state environmental agency. Research and Development Expenses The company-sponsored research and development expenses, including Aerospace product-development costs, were $510 in 2023. History General Dynamics Corporation was founded in 1899. The company was incorporated in Delaware in 1952.