About Ligand Pharmaceuticals

Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated (Ligand), a biopharmaceutical company, focuses on developing or acquiring technologies that help pharmaceutical companies discover and develop medicines. The company engages in the development and licensing of biopharmaceutical assets. The company’s business focuses on acquiring or funding programs and technologies that pharmaceutical companies use to discover and develop medicines. The company’s business model provides a diversified portfolio of biotech and pharmaceutical product revenue streams that are supported by an efficient and low corporate cost structure. The biotechnology industry is characterized by a binary clinical risk, in that, either a drug candidate is successfully developed and receives regulatory marketing approval, or the drug candidate fails in clinical trials. The company’s business model focuses on funding mid to late-stage drug development in return for economic rights and out-licensing its technology platforms to help partners discover and develop medicines. The company partners with other pharmaceutical companies to leverage what they do best (late-stage development, regulatory management and commercialization) ultimately to generate its revenue. The company’s Captisol platform technology is a chemically modified cyclodextrin with a structure designed to optimize the solubility and stability of drugs. The company’s Pelican Expression Technology is a robust, validated, cost-effective and scalable platform for recombinant protein production that is especially well-suited for complex, large-scale protein production where traditional systems are not. The company has established multiple alliances, licenses and other business relationships with the world’s leading pharmaceutical companies, including Amgen, Merck, Pfizer, Jazz, Takeda, Gilead Sciences and Baxter International. The company’s revenue consists of three primary elements: royalties from commercialized products, sales of Captisol material, and contract revenue from license, milestone and other service payments. The company selectively pursues acquisitions and drug development funding opportunities that address high unmet clinical needs to bring in new assets, pipelines, and technologies to aid in generating additional potential new revenue streams. Commercial and Clinical Stage Partnered Portfolio The company has a large portfolio of assets generating royalties and future potential revenue-generating programs, including over 100 fully-funded by its partners. Royalties on Commercial Products The company receives royalties on more than ten commercial products. Portfolio Overview The company has assembled one of the largest portfolios of biopharmaceutical assets in the industry which provides investors the opportunity to participate in the biotech industry while mitigating the clinical binary risk typically associated with the industry. The company’s portfolio consists of assets, which generate revenue through royalties on commercial products, as well as Captisol sales on commercial products. In addition to these assets, the company has a substantial pipeline of development stage assets that generate contractual payments through milestone and license fees with future potential for royalties and Captisol material sales for those programs under its Captisol technology. Selected Commercial Programs Kyprolis (Amgen, Ono, BeiGene) The company supplies Captisol to Amgen for use with Kyprolis (carfilzomib), and granted Amgen an exclusive product-specific license under its patent rights with respect to Captisol. Kyprolis is formulated with Ligand’s Captisol technology and is approved in the United States for the following: In combination with dexamethasone, lenalidomide plus dexamethasone, daratumumab plus dexamethasone, or daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj and dexamethasone, or isatuximab and dexamethasone for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received one to three lines of therapy. As a single agent for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received one or more lines of therapy. The company’s agreement with Amgen may be terminated by either party in the event of material breach or bankruptcy, or unilaterally by Amgen with prior written notice, subject to certain surviving obligations. Absent early termination, the agreement will terminate upon expiration of the obligation to pay royalties. Under this agreement, the company is entitled to receive revenue from clinical and commercial Captisol material sales and royalties on annual net sales of Kyprolis based on its patents and applications relating to the Captisol component of Kyprolis which are not expected to expire until 2033. Teriparatide Injection Product (PF708) (Alvogen/Adalvo) The company acquired the Teriparatide Injection product with the acquisition of Pfenex Inc. (Pfenex) in October 2020. Teriparatide Injection is a drug indicated for uses, including the treatment of osteoporosis in certain patients at high risk for fracture. Teriparatide Injection was developed using the companys Pelican Expression Technology and was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2019 in accordance with the 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway, with FORTEO as the reference product. The company’s commercialization partner, Alvogen launched the product in June 2020 in the United States. The company’s partner Alvogen has exclusively licensed the rights to commercialize and manufacture the Teriparatide Injection product in the United States, while Adalvo has the rights to commercialize in the EU, certain countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), and the rest of world (ROW) territories (the latter defined as all countries outside of the EU, U.S. and MENA, excluding Mainland China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand). In August 2020, marketing authorizationb throughout the EU was received under the trade name Livogiva and in December 2020 in Saudi Arabia under the name Bonteo. In accordance with its agreements with Alvogen, the company is eligible to receive tiered gross profit sharing of between 25% and 40% of quarterly profits prior to an A therapeutic equivalence designation, which increases to a flat 50% if an A rating is achieved. Evomela (Acrotech and CASI) The company supplies Captisol to, and receives royalties from, Acrotech Biopharma for sales of Evomela in the U.S., and CASI Pharmaceuticals for sales in China. Evomela received market approval by the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) in August 2019. It is the only approved and commercially available melphalan product in China. Evomela is a Captisol-enabled melphalan IV formulation which is approved by the FDA for use in two indications: a high-dose conditioning treatment prior to autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients with multiple myeloma; and for the palliative treatment of patients with multiple myeloma for whom oral therapy is not appropriate. Evomela has been granted Orphan Designation by the FDA for use as a high-dose conditioning regimen for patients with multiple myeloma undergoing ASCT. The Evomela formulation avoids the use of propylene glycol, which has been reported to cause renal and cardiac side-effects that limit the ability to deliver higher quantities of therapeutic compounds. The use of the Captisol technology to reformulate melphalan is anticipated to allow for longer administration durations and slower infusion rates, potentially enabling clinicians to safely achieve a higher dose intensity of pre-transplant chemotherapy. Under the terms of the license agreement, Acrotech Biopharma has marketing rights worldwide excluding China and CASI Pharmaceuticals has rights to market in China. The company has a settlement agreement with Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. and Actavis, LLC (Teva) and Acrotech Biopharma LLC (the holder of the NDA for Evomela) which will allow Teva to market a generic version of Evomela in the United States in 2026, or earlier under certain circumstances. Absent early termination, the agreement will terminate upon expiration of the obligation to pay royalties. Vaxneuvance (Merck) Vaxneuvance, a 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, also known as V114, was approved in the U.S. in July of 2021 for the prevention of invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, 22F, 23F and 33F in adults 18 years of age and older, and subsequently in children 6 weeks through 17 years of age in June of 2022. Vaxneuvance was also approved in Europe in October 2022 for the prevention of invasive disease and pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in individuals 18 years and older and in infants, children and adolescents from 6 weeks to less than 18 years of age. VAXNEUVANCE utilizes CRM197 vaccine carrier protein, which is produced using the patent-protected Pelican Expression Technology platform. The company is entitled to low single digit royalties derived from net sales of Vaxneuvance. Pneumosil (Serum Institute of India, SII) Serum Institute of India (SII) began commercialization of its 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, Pneumosil, which is produced using CRM197 made in the Pelican Expression Technology platform, in the second quarter of 2020. Pneumosil is designed primarily to help fight against pneumococcal pneumonia among children, with an advantage of targeting the most prevalent serotypes of the bacterium causing serious illness in developing countries. Pneumosil achieved WHO Prequalification in December 2019, allowing the product to be procured by United Nations agencies and Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, and subsequently achieved Indian Marketing Authorization in July 2020, and SII announced commercial launch of the product in India in December 2020. Rylaze (Jazz Pharmaceuticals) In July 2021, Jazz announced the U.S. launch of Rylaze (asparaginase erwinia chrysanthemi (recombinant)-rywn), previously referred to as JZP458. Rylaze, which was approved by the FDA in June 2021, is a recombinant erwinia asparaginase used as a component of a multi-agent chemotherapeutic regimen for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) in adult and pediatric patients one month or older who have developed hypersensitivity to E. coli-derived asparaginase. Additionally, Jazz is utilizing the company’s technology for the development of PF745 (JZP341), a long-acting Erwinia asparaginase for the treatment of ALL and other hematological malignancies. Jazz has worldwide rights to develop and commercialize PF745. Nexterone (Baxter) The company has a license agreement with Baxter Healthcare Corp. (Baxter), related to Baxter's Nexterone, a Captisol-enabled formulation of amiodarone, which is marketed in the United States and Canada. The company supplies Captisol to Baxter for use in accordance with the terms of the license agreement under a separate supply agreement. Under the terms of the license agreement, the company will continue to earn milestone payments, royalties, and revenue from Captisol material sales. The company earns royalties on net sales of Nexterone through early 2033. Veklury (Gilead) The company supplies Captisol to Gilead for sales of Veklury (remdesivir). Gilead received marketing approval from the FDA in October 2020. Veklury is an antiviral treatment of COVID-19 that is FDA approved. The product has regulatory approvals for the treatment of moderate or severe COVID-19 in over 70 countries. The company is supplying Captisol to Gilead under a 10-year supply agreement. The company is also supplying Captisol to Gilead’s voluntary licensing generic partners who are manufacturing remdesivir for 127 low- and middle-income countries. The company receives its commercial compensation for this program through the sale of Captisol. Zulresso (Sage) The company has a license agreement with Sage, related to Sage''s Zulresso, a Captisol-enabled formulation of brexanolone for the treatment of postpartum depression (PPD). Under the terms of the agreement, the company receives royalties and revenue from Captisol material sales. Noxafil-IV (Merck) The company has a supply agreement with Merck & Co., Inc. (Merck) related to Merck’s NOXAFIL-IV, a Captisol-enabled formulation of posaconazole for IV use. NOXAFIL-IV is marketed in the United States, European Union (EU), Japan and Canada. The company receives its commercial compensation for this program through the sale of Captisol. Duavee or Duavive (Pfizer) Pfizer is responsible for the marketing of bazedoxifene, a synthetic drug specifically designed to reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures while also protecting uterine tissue. Pfizer has combined bazedoxifene with the active ingredient in Premarin to create a combination therapy for the treatment of post-menopausal symptoms in women. Pfizer is marketing the combination treatment under the brand names Duavee and Duavive in various territories. Net royalties on annual net sales of Duavee/Duavive are payable to the company through the life of the relevant patent or ten years from the first commercial sale, whichever is longer, on a country by country basis. Exemptia, Vivitra, Bryxta and Zybev (Zydus Cadila) Zydus Cadila’s Exemptia (adalimumab biosimilar) is marketed in India for autoimmune diseases. Zydus Cadila uses the Selexis technology platform for Exemptia. The company earns royalties on sales by Zydus Cadila for ten years following approval. Zydus Cadila’s Vivitra (trastuzumab biosimilar) is marketed in India for breast cancer. Zydus Cadila uses the Selexis technology platform for Vivitra. The company is entitled to earn royalties on sales by Zydus Cadila for ten years following approval. Zydus Cadila’s Bryxta and Zybev (bevacizumab biosimilar) is marketed in India for various indications. Zydus Cadila uses the Selexis technology platform for Bryxta and Zybev. The company earns royalties on sales by Zydus Cadila for ten years following approval. Summary of Selected Development Stage Programs The company has multiple fully-funded partnered programs that are either in or nearing the regulatory approval process, or given the area of research or value of the license terms, it considers particularly noteworthy. Sparsentan (Travere) In early 2012, Ligand licensed the world-wide rights to sparsentan to Travere Therapeutics. Travere recently received FDA accelerated approval for FILSPARI (sparsentan) for the treatment of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). FILSPARI is the first and only dual endothelin angiotensin receptor antagonist in development for rare kidney diseases and is the first non-immunosuppressive treatment indicated for IgAN. Travere anticipates a review decision by the EMA on the potential approval for sparsentan for the treatment of IgAN in Europe in the second half of 2023. Additionally, Travere announced that they expect to report top line results from the two-year confirmatory endpoints in the ongoing Phase 3 DUPLEX Study of sparsentan in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in the second quarter of 2023, with anticipated submission for full approval in the second half of 2023 in both the U.S. and Europe. TR-Beta - VK2809 and VK0214 (Viking) The company’s partner, Viking, is developing VK2809, a novel selective thyroid hormone receptor beta (TR-beta) agonist with potential in multiple indications, including hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia and NASH. VK2809 is in a Phase 2b clinical trial (the VOYAGE study) in patients with biopsy-confirmed NASH. VK0214, another novel, orally available, TR-beta agonist, is in development for the potential treatment of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD). VK0214 is being evaluated in a Phase 1b clinical trial in patients with the adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) form of X-ALD. CRM197 CRM197 is a non-toxic mutant of diphtheria toxin. It is a well characterized protein and functions as a carrier for polysaccharides and haptens, making them immunogenic. CRM197 is used in prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine candidates. The company has developed CRM197 production strains using its Protein Expression Technology platform and supply preclinical grade and cGMP CRM197 (PeliCRM) to several vaccine development focused pharmaceutical customers. The company’s partners Merck and SII have exclusively licensed unique production strains for use in their conjugate vaccine products and candidates for pneumococcal and meningitis bacterial infections. Pneumococcus bacterium (Streptococcus pneumoniae) is a leading cause of severe pneumonia and major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. CRM-197 made in the Pelican Expression Technology platform is also used by Merck in its investigational vaccine candidates, including V116, a 21-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine currently in Phase 3 clinical trials. Ensifentrine – RPL554 (Verona) Ensifentrine is a first-in-class, selective dual inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 3 and 4 enzymes combining bronchodilator and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory activities in one compound. Ligand obtained the rights to ensifentrine in 2018 in the acquisition of Vernalis. The company’s partner, Verona Pharma, completed the Phase 3 ENHANCE-21 and ENHANCE-12 trials evaluating nebulized ensifentrine for the maintenance treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and plans to file a NDA with the U.S. FDA in the first half of 2023. SARM - VK5211 (Viking) Viking is also developing VK5211, a novel SARM for patients recovering from hip-fracture. SARMs retain the beneficial properties of androgens without undesired side-effects of steroids or other less selective androgens. In a Phase 2 clinical trial, VK5211 demonstrated statistically significant, dose dependent increases in lean body mass. Ganaxalone IV (Marinus) The company’s partner, Marinus, is conducting Phase 3 clinical trials with Captisol-enabled ganaxolone IV in patients with refractory status epilepticus. Marinus has exclusive worldwide rights to Captisol-enabled ganaxolone, a GABAA receptor modulator, for use in humans. The company is entitled to development and regulatory milestones, revenue from Captisol material sales, and royalties on potential future sales. Ciforadenant – CPI-444 (Corvus) The company’s partner, Corvus, is conducting a Phase 1b/2 clinical trial evaluating ciforadenant as a potential first line therapy for metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC) in combination with ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) and nivolumab (anti-PD-1). The Phase 1b/2 study is being conducted by the Kidney Cancer Research Consortium (KCRC) and is led by The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Under the terms of its agreement with Corvus, the company is entitled to development and regulatory milestones and tiered royalties on potential future sales. FYCOMPA IV (Eisai) The company’s partner, Eisai Inc. (Eisai), is developing an intravenous Fycompa (perampanel), formulated with Captisol, as a substitute in Japan for oral tablets as an adjunctive therapy in patients with partial onset seizures (including secondarily generalized seizures) or primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures. In August of 2022, Eisai announced it had filed a supplementary New Drug Application (NDA) in Japan for Fycompa IV seeking approval for the injection formulation as a new route of administration. The company is entitled to revenue from Captisol material sales and tiered royalties on potential future sales. SB206 (Novan) The company acquired certain economic rights to berdazimer gel, 10.3% (SB206) from Novan, Inc. (Novan) in May 2019. Berdazimer gel is a topical nitric-oxide antiviral gel for the treatment of viral skin infections, including molluscum contagiosum (MC). MC is an infection which causes skin lesions that affect approximately 6 million people in the United States annually, with the greatest incidence in children aged one to 14 years. PTX-022 (Palvella) The company acquired the economic rights to QTORIN 3.9% rapamycin anhydrous gel from Palvella in December 2018. QTORIN rapamycin is a novel, topical formulation comprising high-strength rapamycin in development for the treatment of Pachyonychia Congenita (PC), treatment of Microcystic Lymphatic Malformations (Microcystic LM), and for the prevention of Basal Cell Carcinomas (BCCs) in Gorlin Syndrome (GS). Palvella expects to report top-line results of the Phase 3 VAPAUS study in PC in mid-2023. Lasofoxifene (Sermonix) Lasofoxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator for osteoporosis treatment and other diseases, discovered through the research collaboration between Pfizer and the company. The company’s partner, Sermonix has a license for the development of oral lasofoxifene for the United States and additional territories and is developing lasofoxifene as a treatment for ESR1-mutated metastatic breast cancer. Pradefovir (Xi'an Xintong) The company’s Chinese licensee, Xi'an Xintong Medicine Research (following its acquisition of Chiva Pharmaceuticals), is developing pradefovir, an oral liver-targeting prodrug of the HBV DNA polymerase/reverse transcriptase inhibitor adefovir, for the potential treatment of HBV infection. Pradefovir was developed using Ligand’s HepDirect technology. Xi'an Xintong completed a Phase 3 HBV trial. The company is entitled to an annual licensing maintenance fee and royalties on potential future sales. MB07133 (Xi'an Xintong) Chinese licensee Xi'an Xintong Medicine Research is also developing MB07133, a liver specific, HepDirect prodrug of cytarabine monophosphate, for the potential treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. MB07133 is in Phase 1 in China. The company is entitled to an annual licensing maintenance fee and royalties on potential future sales. CX2101A (China Resources Double-Crane Pharmaceutical) In October of 2021, Ligand signed a collaboration agreement granting China Resources Double-Crane Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (CRDC) exclusive Asia territorial rights to develop a novel investigational oral COVID-19 antiviral therapeutic compound using Ligand’s BEPro technology. Ligand received an upfront payment in respect of the collaboration, and clinical and regulatory milestone payments, and tiered royalties on net sales. CRDC will be responsible for all costs related to the program. BEPro is a proprietary prodrug technology that is specifically applicable to nucleotides and nucleotide analogs for the development of compounds with improved product profiles. In December of 2022, CRDC announced that the IND for CX2101A received a Notice of Drug Clinical Trial Approval issued by the State Drug Administration (NMPA), approving clinical trials of the drug for the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia in China. CX2101A is a small molecule compound that acts on RdRp (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) of SARS-CoV-2, using the BEPro prodrug technology. CRDC is conducting a Phase 1 trial in China. ONS-5010 (Outlook Therapeutics) Outlook Therapeutics announced in October of 2022 that the U.S. FDA has accepted for filing a biologics license application (BLA) for ONS-5010 / LYTENAVA (bevacizumab-vikg), an investigational ophthalmic formulation of bevacizumab for the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD). Outlook uses the Selexis technology platform for ONS-5010. The FDA set a PDUFA goal date of August 29, 2023, for the BLA. ONS-5010, if approved, is expected to receive 12 years of regulatory exclusivity in the United States. In December of 2022, Outlook announced the validation of its MAA by the EMA for ONS-5010. The decision for potential approval is expected from the European Commission in early 2024. The company is entitled to earn royalties on sales of ONS-5010 by Outlook. Manufacturing The company contracts with a third party manufacturer, Hovione FarmCiencia, S.A. (Hovione), for Captisol production. Hovione operates FDA-inspected sites in the United States, Macau, Ireland and Portugal. Manufacturing operations for Captisol are performed primarily at Hovione's Portugal and Ireland facilities. In the event of a Captisol supply interruption, the company is permitted to designate and, with Hovione’s assistance, qualify one or more alternate suppliers. If the supply interruption continues beyond a designated period, it may terminate the agreement. Patents and Proprietary Rights Captisol Patents and pending patent applications covering Captisol and methods of making Captisol are owned by the company. The patents covering the Captisol product with the latest expiration date is set to be in 2033 (see, e.g., U.S. Patent No. 9,493,582 (expires Feb. 27, 2033)). Other patent applications covering methods of making Captisol, if issued, potentially have terms to 2041. The company has asserted U.S. Patents 8,410,077, 9,200,088, and 9,493,582 against Teva in connection with their attempt to obtain FDA approval to manufacture and sell a generic version of Evomela. The company also owns several patents and pending patent applications covering drug products containing Captisol as a component. Globally, the company owns approximately 390 issued patents covering all of the foregoing Captisol compositions, methods and related technology. Ten Captisol patents in several families are listed in the Orange Book in connection with one or more prescription drugs on the market. These Captisol-enabled drugs include Nexterone (Baxter), Kyprolis (Amgen), Noxafil (Merck), Evomela (Acrotech/CASI), Baxdela (Melinta) and Zulresso (Sage). Subject to compliance with the terms of the respective agreements, the company’s rights to receive royalty payments under its licenses with its exclusive licensors typically extend for the life of the patents covering such developments. Kyprolis Patents protecting Kyprolis include those owned by Amgen and those owned by the company. The United States patent listed in the Orange Book relating to Kyprolis owned by Amgen with the latest expiration date is not expected to expire until 2029. Patents and applications owned by Ligand relating to the Captisol component of Kyprolis are not expected to expire until 2033. Amgen filed suit against several generic drug companies over their applications to make generic versions of Kyprolis. Several generics have settled with Amgen on confidential terms. Ligand UK Development Limited Under the terms of its sale of Vernalis (R&D) Limited to HitGen in December 2020, Ligand retained a portfolio of fully-funded shots on goal, which include S65487, a Bcl-2 inhibitor, and S64315, an Mcl-1 inhibitor for the treatment of cancers, both of which are partnered with Servier in collaboration with Novartis and VER250840 (an oral, selective Chk1 inhibitor for the treatment of cancer). These programs and their IP are owned by Ligand UK Development Limited, which has a worldwide patent portfolio of over 200 granted patents in over 70 countries. This patent portfolio is mature, with expected expiry dates between 2022 and 2033. Pelican Expression Technology Platform The company acquired the Pelican Expression Technology platform through acquisition of Pfenex Inc. in 2020. This acquisition brought a robust portfolio of patents and patent applications along with substantial know-how and trade secrets which protect various aspects of the company’s core Pelican Expression Technology business. As of December 31, 2022, the company was the sole owner of a patent portfolio that consisted of over 200 patents and 40 pending patent applications worldwide that provide material coverage for its platform technology, licensed products and product candidates. The company’s U.S. issued patents expire during the time period beginning in 2025 and ending in 2038. The company’s owned and exclusively licensed patent portfolio includes claims directed to methods for recombinant protein production and methods for rapid screening of an array of expression systems, tools for protein expression, such as P. fluorescens promoters, secretion leaders, plasmid maintenance systems, improved methods for non-standard amino acid incorporation and fusion partners for peptide production. In addition, its IP covers methods for producing certain classes of proteins, such as cytokines, growth factors and antibody derivatives, as well as expression strains and methods for production, purification and formulation of certain vaccine antigens, peptides, therapeutic enzymes, human cytokines, etc. Trademarks Ligand, Advasep, BEPro, Bonsity, Captisol, CyDex, LTP, LTP Technology, Pelican Expression Technology, PeliCRM, Pfenex Expression Technology and XRPro are protected under applicable intellectual property laws and are the company’s property. All other trademarks, trade names and service marks including but not limited to OmniAb Kyprolis, Evomela, Veklury, Livogiva, Bonteo, Zulresso, Rylaze, VAXNEUVANCE, Pneumosil, Minnebro, Baxdela, Conbriza, Nexterone, Noxafil, Duavee, OTORIN, FILSPARI and LYTENAVA are the property of their respective owners. History Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated was founded in 1987. The company was incorporated in 1987.